Best practices for steam turbine maintenance and operation. A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Compilation of lecture notes on steam turbines for engineering students.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. The first device that may be classified as a reaction steam turbine was. Alstom has been designing and building steam turbines for over 100 years. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam turbine. The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to. The principal cycle considerations are those of regenerative feedwater heating by turbine extraction steam and of reheating. Hello i welcome you all in this course on steam and gas power systems today we will solve the problems on. Differential expansion of steam turbine generators by chris james skf reliability systems turbine supervisory instrumentation modern vibration monitoring instrumentation systems are also specifically designed to perform critical measurements which are used in the control of large steam turbine generator trains. The principles of correct conducting startups have been developed over the longterm operation of steam turbines and contain experience of turbine designers, constructors and operators. It consists of a rotor and a set of rotating blades which are attached to a shaft. Theacti vatedunloader acts similarly to the loadlimiter, ie. Ge power has supplied 30% of the worlds steam turbine capacity. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Apr 06, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof.
Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. In that time, we have constantly driven their performance, efficiency and reliability. Valentini gas turbine power plants 9 mass flow rates and so this plant can be adopted on sites with low water availability. Steam turbine performance 3 4 2 1 46 45 44 43 42 41 43 42 41 40 39 % % 1. This paper introduces the latest steam turbine technologies applied to this stateoftheart steam turbine including the complete. Steam turbine, energy performance, efficiency assessment, heat balance 1 introduction the steam turbine converts the thermal energy of pressurized steam into useful mechanical work. The basic functioning of the turbine is that the blades of turbine are rotated by the moving fluide. Thermal power plants steam turbine components and systems r. Goal install a noncondensing backpressure steam turbine that produces energy while.
This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Lecture 2 steam turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. Lecture compounding in impulse turbine turbine engines. Take the steam turbine training and be able to state the purpose of steam turbine, describe major components and explain the theory of operation. Hello i welcome you all in this course on steam and gas power systems. A pressure reducing valve drops the buildings steam pressure. Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are.
The object of the analysis is the combined gas turbinesteam turbine system which is compared to the combined marine lowspeed diesel enginesteam. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram nptelhrd. Today, alstom offers a complete range of advanced, highly efficient and reliable steam turbine generator sets. The turbine is operational since 1968, therefore an efficiency assessment can highlight its present technical condition. A typical turbine governing system has two unloaders one activated by low condenservacuum. Steam turbines, whether small scale or heavyduty, are crucial for efficient power plants. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof.
Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Ger4190 steam turbine thermal evaluation and assessment. The turbine is of two types based on the type of its working as follows. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine.
This was developed by kraftwerk union and also overcomes the need for a very heavy flange in the high pressure cylinder. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Jan 07, 20 the subject of our lecture today is the steam turbine, and it may be interesting to mention that the work was initially commenced because calculation showed that, from the known data, a successful steam turbine ought to be capable of construction. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. One of the advantages of the closed turbine gas cycle is that the turbine stays clean because the combustion products do not pass through it. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. The steam turbine wikisource, the free online library. Steam turbine technology kth royal institute of technology web. Steam quality steam must be of the highest quality.
Turbines most material from fluid mechanics, cengel and cimbala, chapter 14 introduction and terminology. Single flow high pressure turbine another unique casing design is shown in figure 3. The steam turbine is one kind of heat engine machine in which steam s heat energy is converted to mechanical work. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. Condensate entrapment in the steam supply increases turbine steam rates, reduces the steam turbine efficiency, and causes erosion of steam turbine components governor valves, blading, and nozzles. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss in distinguishing between impulse and reaction blading it is necessary to consider what happens to the steam in passing through one stage of fixed and moving blades. Downloadevaluating and improving steam turbine performance pdf. In doing so, energy is consumed rather than produced. Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. Turbine is a general term for any device that extracts mechanical energy from a fluid generally converting it to rotating energy of a turbine wheel. Pdf steam turbine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The best steam turbine technology is the obvious choice. Three basic phases can be distinguished in the process of steam turbine unit start.
Varma designed ultra modern and high efficiency turbines which can use gas, steam or fuels as feed to produce electricity or mechanical work for wide range of usages and applications in industries. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the. The steam turbine is just one cost component in a complete chp plant. In addition, a control system is needed and emission reduction hardware may be required depending on local air quality requirements. For impulse turbine the blade height at a particular section of a turbine will be function of mass flow rate m, specific volume v, area a, and velocity of steam. As hot, gaseous steam flows past the turbine spinning blades, steam expands and cools, giving off most of the energy it contains.
You can use a picture captured through a camera or you may even draw your pictures. The following addresses best practices for optimal steam system turbine maintenance and operation. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. Efficiency, while clearly a consideration, takes a less prominent role than in aircraft turbine design. Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator about 80% of all electricity generation in the world is by use of steam turbines. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube.
Impulse turbines, reaction turbines, the impulse principle, the. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Lecture compounding in impulse turbine free download as word doc. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Steam turbines range from steam turbine is powered by steam.
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